Long Simulations of the Miocene Climatic Optimum

The global warmth of the Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO, ~15 Ma) offers valuable insights into warm climate dynamics and future climate change, providing a real-world testbed for validating climate models. However, it remains unclear how warm the MCO was given the scarcity and uncertainties of surface temperature proxy records. Three iCESM1.3 long simulations are constructed to estimate the Miocene global mean surface temperature (GMST). The three simulations included: preindustrial (PI), 1.5x CO2, 3x CO2. Each simulation case includes long time series files with a monthly temporal resolution and a NE16 G16 spatial resolution (~2 degree atmosphere and ~1 degree ocean), covering the last 100 model years of the global climate fields.