An assessment of the Arctic Ocean in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations. Part II: Liquid freshwater

Qiang Wang; Mehmet Ilicak; Rüdiger Gerdes; Helge Drange; Yevgeny Aksenov; David A. Bailey; Mats Bentsen; Arne Biastoch; Alexandra Bozec; Claus Böning; Christophe Cassou; Eric Chassignet; Andrew C. Coward; Beth Curry; Gokhan Danabasoglu; Sergey Danilov; Elodie Fernandez; Pier Giuseppe Fogli; Yosuke Fujii; Stephen M. Griffies; Doroteaciro Iovino; Alexandra Jahn; Thomas Jung; William G. Large; Craig Lee; Camille Lique; Jianhua Lu; Simona Masina; A. J.George Nurser; Benjamin Rabe; Christina Roth; David Salas y Mélia; Bonita L. Samuels; Paul Spence; Hiroyuki Tsujino; Sophie Valcke; Aurore Voldoire; Xuezhu Wang; Steve G. Yeager

doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.12.009

An assessment of the Arctic Ocean in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations. Part II: Liquid freshwater

Qiang Wang, Mehmet Ilicak, Rüdiger Gerdes, Helge Drange, Yevgeny Aksenov, David A. Bailey, Mats Bentsen, Arne Biastoch, Alexandra Bozec, Claus Böning, Christophe Cassou, Eric Chassignet, Andrew C. Coward, Beth Curry, Gokhan Danabasoglu, Sergey Danilov, Elodie Fernandez, Pier Giuseppe Fogli, Yosuke Fujii, Stephen M. GriffiesDoroteaciro Iovino, Alexandra Jahn, Thomas Jung, William G. Large, Craig Lee, Camille Lique, Jianhua Lu, Simona Masina, A. J.George Nurser, Benjamin Rabe, Christina Roth, David Salas y Mélia, Bonita L. Samuels, Paul Spence, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Sophie Valcke, Aurore Voldoire, Xuezhu Wang, Steve G. Yeager

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72 Scopus citations

Abstract

The Arctic Ocean simulated in 14 global ocean-sea ice models in the framework of the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments, phase II (CORE-II) is analyzed in this study. The focus is on the Arctic liquid freshwater (FW) sources and freshwater content (FWC). The models agree on the interannual variability of liquid FW transport at the gateways where the ocean volume transport determines the FW transport variability. The variation of liquid FWC is induced by both the surface FW flux (associated with sea ice production) and lateral liquid FW transport, which are in phase when averaged on decadal time scales. The liquid FWC shows an increase starting from the mid-1990s, caused by the reduction of both sea ice formation and liquid FW export, with the former being more significant in most of the models. The mean state of the FW budget is less consistently simulated than the temporal variability. The model ensemble means of liquid FW transport through the Arctic gateways compare well with observations. On average, the models have too high mean FWC, weaker upward trends of FWC in the recent decade than the observation, and low consistency in the temporal variation of FWC spatial distribution, which needs to be further explored for the purpose of model development.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	86-109
Number of pages	24
Journal	Ocean Modelling
Volume	99
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.12.009
State	Published - Mar 1 2016
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Arctic Ocean
CORE II atmospheric forcing
Freshwater
Sea ice

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10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.12.009

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Wang, Q., Ilicak, M., Gerdes, R., Drange, H., Aksenov, Y., Bailey, D. A., Bentsen, M., Biastoch, A., Bozec, A., Böning, C., Cassou, C., Chassignet, E., Coward, A. C., Curry, B., Danabasoglu, G., Danilov, S., Fernandez, E., Fogli, P. G., Fujii, Y., ... Yeager, S. G. (2016). An assessment of the Arctic Ocean in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations. Part II: Liquid freshwater. Ocean Modelling, 99, 86-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.12.009

@article{9357576046fe49a693a6b7cba1f4192c,

title = "An assessment of the Arctic Ocean in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations. Part II: Liquid freshwater",

abstract = "The Arctic Ocean simulated in 14 global ocean-sea ice models in the framework of the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments, phase II (CORE-II) is analyzed in this study. The focus is on the Arctic liquid freshwater (FW) sources and freshwater content (FWC). The models agree on the interannual variability of liquid FW transport at the gateways where the ocean volume transport determines the FW transport variability. The variation of liquid FWC is induced by both the surface FW flux (associated with sea ice production) and lateral liquid FW transport, which are in phase when averaged on decadal time scales. The liquid FWC shows an increase starting from the mid-1990s, caused by the reduction of both sea ice formation and liquid FW export, with the former being more significant in most of the models. The mean state of the FW budget is less consistently simulated than the temporal variability. The model ensemble means of liquid FW transport through the Arctic gateways compare well with observations. On average, the models have too high mean FWC, weaker upward trends of FWC in the recent decade than the observation, and low consistency in the temporal variation of FWC spatial distribution, which needs to be further explored for the purpose of model development.",

keywords = "Arctic Ocean, CORE II atmospheric forcing, Freshwater, Sea ice",

author = "Qiang Wang and Mehmet Ilicak and R{\"u}diger Gerdes and Helge Drange and Yevgeny Aksenov and Bailey, \{David A.\} and Mats Bentsen and Arne Biastoch and Alexandra Bozec and Claus B{\"o}ning and Christophe Cassou and Eric Chassignet and Coward, \{Andrew C.\} and Beth Curry and Gokhan Danabasoglu and Sergey Danilov and Elodie Fernandez and Fogli, \{Pier Giuseppe\} and Yosuke Fujii and Griffies, \{Stephen M.\} and Doroteaciro Iovino and Alexandra Jahn and Thomas Jung and Large, \{William G.\} and Craig Lee and Camille Lique and Jianhua Lu and Simona Masina and Nurser, \{A. J.George\} and Benjamin Rabe and Christina Roth and \{Salas y M{\'e}lia\}, David and Samuels, \{Bonita L.\} and Paul Spence and Hiroyuki Tsujino and Sophie Valcke and Aurore Voldoire and Xuezhu Wang and Yeager, \{Steve G.\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2016 Elsevier Ltd.",

year = "2016",

month = mar,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.12.009",

language = "English",

volume = "99",

pages = "86--109",

journal = "Ocean Modelling",

issn = "1463-5003",

publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",

}

Wang, Q, Ilicak, M, Gerdes, R, Drange, H, Aksenov, Y, Bailey, DA, Bentsen, M, Biastoch, A, Bozec, A, Böning, C, Cassou, C, Chassignet, E, Coward, AC, Curry, B, Danabasoglu, G, Danilov, S, Fernandez, E, Fogli, PG, Fujii, Y, Griffies, SM, Iovino, D, Jahn, A, Jung, T, Large, WG, Lee, C, Lique, C, Lu, J, Masina, S, Nurser, AJG, Rabe, B, Roth, C, Salas y Mélia, D, Samuels, BL, Spence, P, Tsujino, H, Valcke, S, Voldoire, A, Wang, X & Yeager, SG 2016, 'An assessment of the Arctic Ocean in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations. Part II: Liquid freshwater', Ocean Modelling, vol. 99, pp. 86-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.12.009

TY - JOUR

T1 - An assessment of the Arctic Ocean in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations. Part II

T2 - Liquid freshwater

AU - Wang, Qiang

AU - Ilicak, Mehmet

AU - Gerdes, Rüdiger

AU - Drange, Helge

AU - Aksenov, Yevgeny

AU - Bailey, David A.

AU - Bentsen, Mats

AU - Biastoch, Arne

AU - Bozec, Alexandra

AU - Böning, Claus

AU - Cassou, Christophe

AU - Chassignet, Eric

AU - Coward, Andrew C.

AU - Curry, Beth

AU - Danabasoglu, Gokhan

AU - Danilov, Sergey

AU - Fernandez, Elodie

AU - Fogli, Pier Giuseppe

AU - Fujii, Yosuke

AU - Griffies, Stephen M.

AU - Iovino, Doroteaciro

AU - Jahn, Alexandra

AU - Jung, Thomas

AU - Large, William G.

AU - Lee, Craig

AU - Lique, Camille

AU - Lu, Jianhua

AU - Masina, Simona

AU - Nurser, A. J.George

AU - Rabe, Benjamin

AU - Roth, Christina

AU - Salas y Mélia, David

AU - Samuels, Bonita L.

AU - Spence, Paul

AU - Tsujino, Hiroyuki

AU - Valcke, Sophie

AU - Voldoire, Aurore

AU - Wang, Xuezhu

AU - Yeager, Steve G.

PY - 2016/3/1

Y1 - 2016/3/1

N2 - The Arctic Ocean simulated in 14 global ocean-sea ice models in the framework of the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments, phase II (CORE-II) is analyzed in this study. The focus is on the Arctic liquid freshwater (FW) sources and freshwater content (FWC). The models agree on the interannual variability of liquid FW transport at the gateways where the ocean volume transport determines the FW transport variability. The variation of liquid FWC is induced by both the surface FW flux (associated with sea ice production) and lateral liquid FW transport, which are in phase when averaged on decadal time scales. The liquid FWC shows an increase starting from the mid-1990s, caused by the reduction of both sea ice formation and liquid FW export, with the former being more significant in most of the models. The mean state of the FW budget is less consistently simulated than the temporal variability. The model ensemble means of liquid FW transport through the Arctic gateways compare well with observations. On average, the models have too high mean FWC, weaker upward trends of FWC in the recent decade than the observation, and low consistency in the temporal variation of FWC spatial distribution, which needs to be further explored for the purpose of model development.

AB - The Arctic Ocean simulated in 14 global ocean-sea ice models in the framework of the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments, phase II (CORE-II) is analyzed in this study. The focus is on the Arctic liquid freshwater (FW) sources and freshwater content (FWC). The models agree on the interannual variability of liquid FW transport at the gateways where the ocean volume transport determines the FW transport variability. The variation of liquid FWC is induced by both the surface FW flux (associated with sea ice production) and lateral liquid FW transport, which are in phase when averaged on decadal time scales. The liquid FWC shows an increase starting from the mid-1990s, caused by the reduction of both sea ice formation and liquid FW export, with the former being more significant in most of the models. The mean state of the FW budget is less consistently simulated than the temporal variability. The model ensemble means of liquid FW transport through the Arctic gateways compare well with observations. On average, the models have too high mean FWC, weaker upward trends of FWC in the recent decade than the observation, and low consistency in the temporal variation of FWC spatial distribution, which needs to be further explored for the purpose of model development.

KW - Arctic Ocean

KW - CORE II atmospheric forcing

KW - Freshwater

KW - Sea ice

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84957584203

U2 - 10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.12.009

DO - 10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.12.009

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:84957584203

SN - 1463-5003

VL - 99

SP - 86

EP - 109

JO - Ocean Modelling

JF - Ocean Modelling

ER -

An assessment of the Arctic Ocean in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations. Part II: Liquid freshwater

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Keywords

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