Atmospheric convective plumes emanating from leads 2. Microphysical and radiative processes

A one-dimensional, second-order turbulence model with bulk cloud microphysics and detailed radiative transfer is used to simulate the evolution of a thermal internal boundary layer (TIBL) which develops above a wide, open lead. A mixed-phase cloud, originally based on the surface, is produced within the TIBL. The cloud initially filled the entire TIBL but is later elevated above the surface with its top coincident with the top of the TIBL. Model-derived cloud ice and cloud liquid water mixing ratios exceed 0.06 g kg^-1 directly above the open lead, with a secondary maximum near the top of the TIBL. In addition, precipitating ice particles or snow fills the TIBL with a maximum snow mixing ratio of about 0.05 g kg^-1. -Authors