Barium isotope evidence for recycled crustal materials in the mantle source of continental basalts

To investigate the potential of using Barium (Ba) isotopes to trace recycled crustal materials, we report high-precision Ba isotopic compositions for 22 well-characterized samples of Cenozoic basalts from the Taihang Mountains, North China Craton. The basalts have δ^138/134Ba [= (¹³⁸Ba/¹³⁴Ba_sample/¹³⁸Ba/¹³⁴Ba_SRM3104a – 1) × 1000] of −0.06‰ to +0.03‰(±0.05‰，2SD), lower than the depleted upper mantle (+0.03‰ to +0.15‰). Because Ba isotope fractionation during basaltic magmatic differentiation is negligible, the light Ba isotopic compositions likely reflect the involvement of isotopically light crustal materials in the mantle source. The Ba isotopic variations, combined with the data of elements and Sr[sbnd]Nd isotopes of the basalts, indicate that the light Ba isotopic compositions mainly resulted from marine sediments rather than altered oceanic crust. The quantitative modeling using Sr-Nd-Ba isotopic compositions suggests that about 0.5% to 3% of marine sediments were involved in generating the continental basalts. Our study here highlights the potential of using Ba isotopes to trace recycled materials in the mantle.