Chemical composition and source apportionment of ambient, household, and personal exposures to PM                         2.5                          in communities using biomass stoves in rural China

Alexandra M. Lai; Ellison Carter; Ming Shan; Kun Ni; Sierra Clark; Majid Ezzati; Christine Wiedinmyer; Xudong Yang; Jill Baumgartner; James J. Schauer

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.322

Chemical composition and source apportionment of ambient, household, and personal exposures to PM _2.5 in communities using biomass stoves in rural China

Alexandra M. Lai
, Ellison Carter
, Ming Shan
, Kun Ni
, Sierra Clark
, Majid Ezzati
, Christine Wiedinmyer
, Xudong Yang
, Jill Baumgartner
, James J. Schauer

University of Wisconsin-Madison
Colorado State University
Tsinghua University
McGill University
Imperial College London
National Center for Atmospheric Research

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

67 Scopus citations

Abstract

Fine particulate matter (PM _2.5 ) has health effects that may depend on its sources and chemical composition. Few studies have quantified the composition of personal and area PM _2.5 in rural settings over the same time period. Yet, this information would shed important light on the sources influencing personal PM _2.5 exposures. This study investigated the sources and chemical composition of 40 personal exposure, 40 household, and 36 ambient PM _2.5 samples collected in the non-heating and heating seasons in rural southwestern China. Chemical analysis included black carbon (BC), water-soluble components (ions, organic carbon), elements, and organic tracers. Source apportionment was conducted using organic tracer concentrations in a Chemical Mass Balance model. Biomass burning was the largest identified PM _2.5 source contributor to household (average, SD: 48 ± 11%) and exposures (31 ± 6%) in both seasons, and ambient PM _2.5 in winter (20 ± 4%). Food cooking also contributed to household and personal PM, reaching approximately half of the biomass contributions. Secondary inorganic aerosol was the major identified source in summertime ambient PM _2.5 (32 ± 14%), but was present in all samples (summer: 10 ± 3% [household], 13 ± 6% [exposures]; winter: 18 ± 2% [ambient], 7 ± 2% [household], 8 ± 2% [exposures]). Dust concentrations and fractional contribution to total PM _2.5 were higher in summer exposure samples (7 ± 4%) than in ambient or household samples (6 ± 1% and 2 ± 1%, respectively). Indoor sources comprised up to one-fifth of ambient PM _2.5 , and outdoor sources (vehicles, secondary aerosols) contributed up to 15% of household PM _2.5 . While household sources were the main contributors to PM _2.5 exposures in terms of mass, inorganic components of personal exposures differed from household samples. Based on these findings, health-focused initiatives to reduce harmful PM _2.5 exposures may consider a coordinated approach to address both indoor and outdoor PM _2.5 source contributors.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	309-319
Number of pages	11
Journal	Science of the Total Environment
Volume	646
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.322
State	Published - Jan 1 2019
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Biomass burning
Chemical mass balance
China
Household air pollution
Particulate matter
Solid fuels

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10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.322

Cite this

Lai, A. M., Carter, E., Shan, M., Ni, K., Clark, S., Ezzati, M., Wiedinmyer, C., Yang, X., Baumgartner, J., & Schauer, J. J. (2019). Chemical composition and source apportionment of ambient, household, and personal exposures to PM _2.5 in communities using biomass stoves in rural China Science of the Total Environment, 646, 309-319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.322

Lai, Alexandra M. ; Carter, Ellison ; Shan, Ming et al. / Chemical composition and source apportionment of ambient, household, and personal exposures to PM _2.5 in communities using biomass stoves in rural China In: Science of the Total Environment. 2019 ; Vol. 646. pp. 309-319.

@article{4a5e12443cfd4598968b2253a89775aa,

title = " Chemical composition and source apportionment of ambient, household, and personal exposures to PM 2.5 in communities using biomass stoves in rural China ",

abstract = " Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) has health effects that may depend on its sources and chemical composition. Few studies have quantified the composition of personal and area PM 2.5 in rural settings over the same time period. Yet, this information would shed important light on the sources influencing personal PM 2.5 exposures. This study investigated the sources and chemical composition of 40 personal exposure, 40 household, and 36 ambient PM 2.5 samples collected in the non-heating and heating seasons in rural southwestern China. Chemical analysis included black carbon (BC), water-soluble components (ions, organic carbon), elements, and organic tracers. Source apportionment was conducted using organic tracer concentrations in a Chemical Mass Balance model. Biomass burning was the largest identified PM 2.5 source contributor to household (average, SD: 48 ± 11\%) and exposures (31 ± 6\%) in both seasons, and ambient PM 2.5 in winter (20 ± 4\%). Food cooking also contributed to household and personal PM, reaching approximately half of the biomass contributions. Secondary inorganic aerosol was the major identified source in summertime ambient PM 2.5 (32 ± 14\%), but was present in all samples (summer: 10 ± 3\% [household], 13 ± 6\% [exposures]; winter: 18 ± 2\% [ambient], 7 ± 2\% [household], 8 ± 2\% [exposures]). Dust concentrations and fractional contribution to total PM 2.5 were higher in summer exposure samples (7 ± 4\%) than in ambient or household samples (6 ± 1\% and 2 ± 1\%, respectively). Indoor sources comprised up to one-fifth of ambient PM 2.5 , and outdoor sources (vehicles, secondary aerosols) contributed up to 15\% of household PM 2.5 . While household sources were the main contributors to PM 2.5 exposures in terms of mass, inorganic components of personal exposures differed from household samples. Based on these findings, health-focused initiatives to reduce harmful PM 2.5 exposures may consider a coordinated approach to address both indoor and outdoor PM 2.5 source contributors.",

keywords = "Biomass burning, Chemical mass balance, China, Household air pollution, Particulate matter, Solid fuels",

author = "Lai, \{Alexandra M.\} and Ellison Carter and Ming Shan and Kun Ni and Sierra Clark and Majid Ezzati and Christine Wiedinmyer and Xudong Yang and Jill Baumgartner and Schauer, \{James J.\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018",

year = "2019",

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doi = "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.322",

language = "English",

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Lai, AM, Carter, E, Shan, M, Ni, K, Clark, S, Ezzati, M, Wiedinmyer, C, Yang, X, Baumgartner, J & Schauer, JJ 2019, ' Chemical composition and source apportionment of ambient, household, and personal exposures to PM _2.5 in communities using biomass stoves in rural China ', Science of the Total Environment, vol. 646, pp. 309-319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.322

Chemical composition and source apportionment of ambient, household, and personal exposures to PM _2.5 in communities using biomass stoves in rural China . / Lai, Alexandra M.; Carter, Ellison; Shan, Ming et al.
In: Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 646, 01.01.2019, p. 309-319.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Chemical composition and source apportionment of ambient, household, and personal exposures to PM 2.5 in communities using biomass stoves in rural China

AU - Lai, Alexandra M.

AU - Carter, Ellison

AU - Shan, Ming

AU - Ni, Kun

AU - Clark, Sierra

AU - Ezzati, Majid

AU - Wiedinmyer, Christine

AU - Yang, Xudong

AU - Baumgartner, Jill

AU - Schauer, James J.

PY - 2019/1/1

Y1 - 2019/1/1

N2 - Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) has health effects that may depend on its sources and chemical composition. Few studies have quantified the composition of personal and area PM 2.5 in rural settings over the same time period. Yet, this information would shed important light on the sources influencing personal PM 2.5 exposures. This study investigated the sources and chemical composition of 40 personal exposure, 40 household, and 36 ambient PM 2.5 samples collected in the non-heating and heating seasons in rural southwestern China. Chemical analysis included black carbon (BC), water-soluble components (ions, organic carbon), elements, and organic tracers. Source apportionment was conducted using organic tracer concentrations in a Chemical Mass Balance model. Biomass burning was the largest identified PM 2.5 source contributor to household (average, SD: 48 ± 11%) and exposures (31 ± 6%) in both seasons, and ambient PM 2.5 in winter (20 ± 4%). Food cooking also contributed to household and personal PM, reaching approximately half of the biomass contributions. Secondary inorganic aerosol was the major identified source in summertime ambient PM 2.5 (32 ± 14%), but was present in all samples (summer: 10 ± 3% [household], 13 ± 6% [exposures]; winter: 18 ± 2% [ambient], 7 ± 2% [household], 8 ± 2% [exposures]). Dust concentrations and fractional contribution to total PM 2.5 were higher in summer exposure samples (7 ± 4%) than in ambient or household samples (6 ± 1% and 2 ± 1%, respectively). Indoor sources comprised up to one-fifth of ambient PM 2.5 , and outdoor sources (vehicles, secondary aerosols) contributed up to 15% of household PM 2.5 . While household sources were the main contributors to PM 2.5 exposures in terms of mass, inorganic components of personal exposures differed from household samples. Based on these findings, health-focused initiatives to reduce harmful PM 2.5 exposures may consider a coordinated approach to address both indoor and outdoor PM 2.5 source contributors.

AB - Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) has health effects that may depend on its sources and chemical composition. Few studies have quantified the composition of personal and area PM 2.5 in rural settings over the same time period. Yet, this information would shed important light on the sources influencing personal PM 2.5 exposures. This study investigated the sources and chemical composition of 40 personal exposure, 40 household, and 36 ambient PM 2.5 samples collected in the non-heating and heating seasons in rural southwestern China. Chemical analysis included black carbon (BC), water-soluble components (ions, organic carbon), elements, and organic tracers. Source apportionment was conducted using organic tracer concentrations in a Chemical Mass Balance model. Biomass burning was the largest identified PM 2.5 source contributor to household (average, SD: 48 ± 11%) and exposures (31 ± 6%) in both seasons, and ambient PM 2.5 in winter (20 ± 4%). Food cooking also contributed to household and personal PM, reaching approximately half of the biomass contributions. Secondary inorganic aerosol was the major identified source in summertime ambient PM 2.5 (32 ± 14%), but was present in all samples (summer: 10 ± 3% [household], 13 ± 6% [exposures]; winter: 18 ± 2% [ambient], 7 ± 2% [household], 8 ± 2% [exposures]). Dust concentrations and fractional contribution to total PM 2.5 were higher in summer exposure samples (7 ± 4%) than in ambient or household samples (6 ± 1% and 2 ± 1%, respectively). Indoor sources comprised up to one-fifth of ambient PM 2.5 , and outdoor sources (vehicles, secondary aerosols) contributed up to 15% of household PM 2.5 . While household sources were the main contributors to PM 2.5 exposures in terms of mass, inorganic components of personal exposures differed from household samples. Based on these findings, health-focused initiatives to reduce harmful PM 2.5 exposures may consider a coordinated approach to address both indoor and outdoor PM 2.5 source contributors.

KW - Biomass burning

KW - Chemical mass balance

KW - China

KW - Household air pollution

KW - Particulate matter

KW - Solid fuels

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85050466055

U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.322

DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.322

M3 - Article

C2 - 30055493

AN - SCOPUS:85050466055

SN - 0048-9697

VL - 646

SP - 309

EP - 319

JO - Science of the Total Environment

JF - Science of the Total Environment

ER -

Lai AM, Carter E, Shan M, Ni K, Clark S, Ezzati M et al. Chemical composition and source apportionment of ambient, household, and personal exposures to PM _2.5 in communities using biomass stoves in rural China Science of the Total Environment. 2019 Jan 1;646:309-319. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.322

Chemical composition and source apportionment of ambient, household, and personal exposures to PM _2.5 in communities using biomass stoves in rural China

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Keywords

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