Climate simulations with an isentropic finite-volume dynamical core

This paper discusses the impact of changing the vertical coordinate from a hybrid pressure to a hybridisentropic coordinate within the finite-volume (FV) dynamical core of the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM). Results from a 20-yr climate simulation using the new model coordinate configuration are compared to control simulations produced by the Eulerian spectral and FV dynamical cores of CAM, which both use a pressure-based (δ - P) coordinate. The same physical parameterization package is employed in all three dynamical cores. The isentropic modeling framework significantly alters the simulated climatology and has several desirable features. The revised model produces a better representation of heat transport processes in the atmosphere leading to much improved atmospheric temperatures. The authors show that the isentropic model is very effective in reducing the long-standing cold temperature bias in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, a deficiency shared among most climate models. The warmer upper troposphere and stratosphere seen in the isentropic model reduces the global coverage of high clouds, which is in better agreement with observations. The isentropic model also shows improvements in the simulated wintertime mean sea level pressure field in the Northern Hemisphere.