Direct evidence for chlorine-enhanced urban ozone formation in Houston, Texas

Paul L. Tanaka; Daniel D. Riemer; Sunghye Chang; Greg Yarwood; Elena C. McDonald-Buller; Eric C. Apel; John J. Orlando; Philip J. Silva; Jose L. Jimenez; Manjula R. Canagaratna; James D. Neece; C. Buddie Mullins; David T. Allen

doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(02)01007-5

Direct evidence for chlorine-enhanced urban ozone formation in Houston, Texas

Paul L. Tanaka
, Daniel D. Riemer
, Sunghye Chang
, Greg Yarwood
, Elena C. McDonald-Buller
, Eric C. Apel
, John J. Orlando
, Philip J. Silva
, Jose L. Jimenez
, Manjula R. Canagaratna
, James D. Neece
, C. Buddie Mullins
, David T. Allen

Experimental Science Section

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

123 Scopus citations

Abstract

Urban air pollution is characterized by high ozone levels, formed when volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are oxidized in the presence of nitrogen oxides (NO_x). VOC and NO_x emissions controls have traditionally been implemented to reduce urban ozone formation, however, a separate chemical species implicated in ozone formation in Houston, TX and possibly other urban areas is the chlorine radical (Cl·). Cl· enhances tropospheric VOC oxidation, but is not included in models used to develop air quality attainment plans. We present results of a three-fold approach to elucidate the importance of Cl· in urban ozone formation: (1) the first direct evidence of chlorine chemistry in the urban troposphere, (2) enhanced ozone formation (>75 parts per 10⁹ (ppb/h) observed when small amounts of chlorine (Cl₂) are injected into captive ambient air, and (3) enhanced ozone formation (∼16ppb) predicted by regional photochemical models employing Cl· chemistry. These results suggest that reducing chlorine emissions should be considered in urban ozone management strategies.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1393-1400
Number of pages	8
Journal	Atmospheric Environment
Volume	37
Issue number	9-10
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(02)01007-5
State	Published - Mar 2003

Keywords

Air quality
Captive air experiments
Chloromethylbutenone
Regional photochemical modeling
Secondary aerosol chloride

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10.1016/S1352-2310(02)01007-5

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Tanaka, P. L., Riemer, D. D., Chang, S., Yarwood, G., McDonald-Buller, E. C., Apel, E. C., Orlando, J. J., Silva, P. J., Jimenez, J. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Neece, J. D., Mullins, C. B., & Allen, D. T. (2003). Direct evidence for chlorine-enhanced urban ozone formation in Houston, Texas. Atmospheric Environment, 37(9-10), 1393-1400. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(02)01007-5

@article{33131ea199a94a059245c79f8d128fa3,

title = "Direct evidence for chlorine-enhanced urban ozone formation in Houston, Texas",

abstract = "Urban air pollution is characterized by high ozone levels, formed when volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are oxidized in the presence of nitrogen oxides (NOx). VOC and NOx emissions controls have traditionally been implemented to reduce urban ozone formation, however, a separate chemical species implicated in ozone formation in Houston, TX and possibly other urban areas is the chlorine radical (Cl·). Cl· enhances tropospheric VOC oxidation, but is not included in models used to develop air quality attainment plans. We present results of a three-fold approach to elucidate the importance of Cl· in urban ozone formation: (1) the first direct evidence of chlorine chemistry in the urban troposphere, (2) enhanced ozone formation (>75 parts per 109 (ppb/h) observed when small amounts of chlorine (Cl2) are injected into captive ambient air, and (3) enhanced ozone formation (∼16ppb) predicted by regional photochemical models employing Cl· chemistry. These results suggest that reducing chlorine emissions should be considered in urban ozone management strategies.",

keywords = "Air quality, Captive air experiments, Chloromethylbutenone, Regional photochemical modeling, Secondary aerosol chloride",

author = "Tanaka, \{Paul L.\} and Riemer, \{Daniel D.\} and Sunghye Chang and Greg Yarwood and McDonald-Buller, \{Elena C.\} and Apel, \{Eric C.\} and Orlando, \{John J.\} and Silva, \{Philip J.\} and Jimenez, \{Jose L.\} and Canagaratna, \{Manjula R.\} and Neece, \{James D.\} and Mullins, \{C. Buddie\} and Allen, \{David T.\}",

year = "2003",

month = mar,

doi = "10.1016/S1352-2310(02)01007-5",

language = "English",

volume = "37",

pages = "1393--1400",

journal = "Atmospheric Environment",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Direct evidence for chlorine-enhanced urban ozone formation in Houston, Texas

AU - Tanaka, Paul L.

AU - Riemer, Daniel D.

AU - Chang, Sunghye

AU - Yarwood, Greg

AU - McDonald-Buller, Elena C.

AU - Apel, Eric C.

AU - Orlando, John J.

AU - Silva, Philip J.

AU - Jimenez, Jose L.

AU - Canagaratna, Manjula R.

AU - Neece, James D.

AU - Mullins, C. Buddie

AU - Allen, David T.

PY - 2003/3

Y1 - 2003/3

N2 - Urban air pollution is characterized by high ozone levels, formed when volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are oxidized in the presence of nitrogen oxides (NOx). VOC and NOx emissions controls have traditionally been implemented to reduce urban ozone formation, however, a separate chemical species implicated in ozone formation in Houston, TX and possibly other urban areas is the chlorine radical (Cl·). Cl· enhances tropospheric VOC oxidation, but is not included in models used to develop air quality attainment plans. We present results of a three-fold approach to elucidate the importance of Cl· in urban ozone formation: (1) the first direct evidence of chlorine chemistry in the urban troposphere, (2) enhanced ozone formation (>75 parts per 109 (ppb/h) observed when small amounts of chlorine (Cl2) are injected into captive ambient air, and (3) enhanced ozone formation (∼16ppb) predicted by regional photochemical models employing Cl· chemistry. These results suggest that reducing chlorine emissions should be considered in urban ozone management strategies.

AB - Urban air pollution is characterized by high ozone levels, formed when volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are oxidized in the presence of nitrogen oxides (NOx). VOC and NOx emissions controls have traditionally been implemented to reduce urban ozone formation, however, a separate chemical species implicated in ozone formation in Houston, TX and possibly other urban areas is the chlorine radical (Cl·). Cl· enhances tropospheric VOC oxidation, but is not included in models used to develop air quality attainment plans. We present results of a three-fold approach to elucidate the importance of Cl· in urban ozone formation: (1) the first direct evidence of chlorine chemistry in the urban troposphere, (2) enhanced ozone formation (>75 parts per 109 (ppb/h) observed when small amounts of chlorine (Cl2) are injected into captive ambient air, and (3) enhanced ozone formation (∼16ppb) predicted by regional photochemical models employing Cl· chemistry. These results suggest that reducing chlorine emissions should be considered in urban ozone management strategies.

KW - Air quality

KW - Captive air experiments

KW - Chloromethylbutenone

KW - Regional photochemical modeling

KW - Secondary aerosol chloride

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/0037332375

U2 - 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)01007-5

DO - 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)01007-5

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:0037332375

SN - 1352-2310

VL - 37

SP - 1393

EP - 1400

JO - Atmospheric Environment

JF - Atmospheric Environment

IS - 9-10

ER -

Direct evidence for chlorine-enhanced urban ozone formation in Houston, Texas

Abstract

Keywords

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