Estimating Turbulence Intensity in Storms With Phased Array Radar

Dusan S. Zrnic; David Schvartzman; Djordje Mirkovic; Larry Cornman; Robert D. Palmer

doi:10.1109/TGRS.2025.3628994

Estimating Turbulence Intensity in Storms With Phased Array Radar

Dusan S. Zrnic
, David Schvartzman
, Djordje Mirkovic
, Larry Cornman
, Robert D. Palmer

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Pointed herein are the differences between turbulence measurements by radars with conventional pencil bean antennas and electronically steering phased array radar (PAR) antennas. Differences are caused by the shape and orientation of the beam cross section on phased array antenna. These depend on the pointing direction and everywhere, except at broadside, the beam cross section is approximately elliptical. A formalism applicable to pencil beams of circular cross section is extended to elliptic beam cross sections. For lateral dimensions of the radar resolution volume larger than its range extent an approximate formula is suggested for computing the eddy dissipation rate ε. A field of ε^1/3 indicative of turbulence affecting aircraft and obtained with a digital PAR is presented as well as values along a radial pointing at a 41.5° elevation.

Original language	English
Article number	5109610
Journal	IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing
Volume	63
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3628994
State	Published - 2025
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Digital radar
Doppler spectrum width and turbulence
phased array weather radar
polarimetric radar

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10.1109/TGRS.2025.3628994

Cite this

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title = "Estimating Turbulence Intensity in Storms With Phased Array Radar",

abstract = "Pointed herein are the differences between turbulence measurements by radars with conventional pencil bean antennas and electronically steering phased array radar (PAR) antennas. Differences are caused by the shape and orientation of the beam cross section on phased array antenna. These depend on the pointing direction and everywhere, except at broadside, the beam cross section is approximately elliptical. A formalism applicable to pencil beams of circular cross section is extended to elliptic beam cross sections. For lateral dimensions of the radar resolution volume larger than its range extent an approximate formula is suggested for computing the eddy dissipation rate ε. A field of ε1/3 indicative of turbulence affecting aircraft and obtained with a digital PAR is presented as well as values along a radial pointing at a 41.5° elevation.",

keywords = "Digital radar, Doppler spectrum width and turbulence, phased array weather radar, polarimetric radar",

author = "Zrnic, \{Dusan S.\} and David Schvartzman and Djordje Mirkovic and Larry Cornman and Palmer, \{Robert D.\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 1980-2012 IEEE.",

year = "2025",

doi = "10.1109/TGRS.2025.3628994",

language = "English",

volume = "63",

journal = "IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing",

issn = "0196-2892",

publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Estimating Turbulence Intensity in Storms With Phased Array Radar

AU - Zrnic, Dusan S.

AU - Schvartzman, David

AU - Mirkovic, Djordje

AU - Cornman, Larry

AU - Palmer, Robert D.

PY - 2025

Y1 - 2025

N2 - Pointed herein are the differences between turbulence measurements by radars with conventional pencil bean antennas and electronically steering phased array radar (PAR) antennas. Differences are caused by the shape and orientation of the beam cross section on phased array antenna. These depend on the pointing direction and everywhere, except at broadside, the beam cross section is approximately elliptical. A formalism applicable to pencil beams of circular cross section is extended to elliptic beam cross sections. For lateral dimensions of the radar resolution volume larger than its range extent an approximate formula is suggested for computing the eddy dissipation rate ε. A field of ε1/3 indicative of turbulence affecting aircraft and obtained with a digital PAR is presented as well as values along a radial pointing at a 41.5° elevation.

AB - Pointed herein are the differences between turbulence measurements by radars with conventional pencil bean antennas and electronically steering phased array radar (PAR) antennas. Differences are caused by the shape and orientation of the beam cross section on phased array antenna. These depend on the pointing direction and everywhere, except at broadside, the beam cross section is approximately elliptical. A formalism applicable to pencil beams of circular cross section is extended to elliptic beam cross sections. For lateral dimensions of the radar resolution volume larger than its range extent an approximate formula is suggested for computing the eddy dissipation rate ε. A field of ε1/3 indicative of turbulence affecting aircraft and obtained with a digital PAR is presented as well as values along a radial pointing at a 41.5° elevation.

KW - Digital radar

KW - Doppler spectrum width and turbulence

KW - phased array weather radar

KW - polarimetric radar

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105020903984

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DO - 10.1109/TGRS.2025.3628994

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:105020903984

SN - 0196-2892

VL - 63

JO - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing

JF - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing

M1 - 5109610

ER -

Estimating Turbulence Intensity in Storms With Phased Array Radar

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