GOLD Observations of the Thermospheric Response to the 10–12 May 2024 Gannon Superstorm

J. S. Evans; J. Correira; J. D. Lumpe; R. W. Eastes; Q. Gan; F. I. Laskar; S. Aryal; W. Wang; A. G. Burns; S. Beland; X. Cai; M. Codrescu; S. England; K. Greer; A. Krywonos; W. E. McClintock; T. Plummer; V. Veibell

doi:10.1029/2024GL110506

GOLD Observations of the Thermospheric Response to the 10–12 May 2024 Gannon Superstorm

J. S. Evans
, J. Correira
, J. D. Lumpe
, R. W. Eastes
, Q. Gan
, F. I. Laskar
, S. Aryal
, W. Wang
, A. G. Burns
, S. Beland
, X. Cai
, M. Codrescu
, S. England
, K. Greer
, A. Krywonos
, W. E. McClintock
, T. Plummer
, V. Veibell

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

47 Scopus citations

Abstract

After days of intense solar activity, active region AR3664 launched seven CMEs toward Earth producing an extreme G5 geomagnetic storm commencing at 17:05 UT on 10 May 2024. The storm impacted power grids, disrupted precision navigational systems used by farming equipment, and generated aurora seen around the globe. The storm produced remarkable effects on composition, temperature, and dynamics in the Earth's thermosphere that were observed by NASA's Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission and are reported here for the first time. We use synoptic disk images of ΣO/N₂ and neutral temperature (at ∼160 km) measured by GOLD to directly link dynamics resulting from the storm with dramatic changes in thermospheric composition and temperature. We observe a heretofore unseen spatial morphology simultaneously in ΣO/N₂, neutral temperature, and total electron content. Equator-to-pole temperature differences reach 400 K with high latitude peak neutral temperatures near 160 km exceeding 1400 K.

Original language	English
Article number	e2024GL110506
Journal	Geophysical Research Letters
Volume	51
Issue number	16
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL110506
State	Published - Aug 28 2024
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

composition
dynamics
superstorm
temperature
thermosphere

Access to Document

10.1029/2024GL110506

Cite this

Evans, J. S., Correira, J., Lumpe, J. D., Eastes, R. W., Gan, Q., Laskar, F. I., Aryal, S., Wang, W., Burns, A. G., Beland, S., Cai, X., Codrescu, M., England, S., Greer, K., Krywonos, A., McClintock, W. E., Plummer, T., & Veibell, V. (2024). GOLD Observations of the Thermospheric Response to the 10–12 May 2024 Gannon Superstorm. Geophysical Research Letters, 51(16), Article e2024GL110506. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL110506

@article{be662b2354e64d4fa2fa5e30f6356f54,

title = "GOLD Observations of the Thermospheric Response to the 10–12 May 2024 Gannon Superstorm",

abstract = "After days of intense solar activity, active region AR3664 launched seven CMEs toward Earth producing an extreme G5 geomagnetic storm commencing at 17:05 UT on 10 May 2024. The storm impacted power grids, disrupted precision navigational systems used by farming equipment, and generated aurora seen around the globe. The storm produced remarkable effects on composition, temperature, and dynamics in the Earth's thermosphere that were observed by NASA's Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission and are reported here for the first time. We use synoptic disk images of ΣO/N2 and neutral temperature (at ∼160 km) measured by GOLD to directly link dynamics resulting from the storm with dramatic changes in thermospheric composition and temperature. We observe a heretofore unseen spatial morphology simultaneously in ΣO/N2, neutral temperature, and total electron content. Equator-to-pole temperature differences reach 400 K with high latitude peak neutral temperatures near 160 km exceeding 1400 K.",

keywords = "composition, dynamics, superstorm, temperature, thermosphere",

author = "Evans, \{J. S.\} and J. Correira and Lumpe, \{J. D.\} and Eastes, \{R. W.\} and Q. Gan and Laskar, \{F. I.\} and S. Aryal and W. Wang and Burns, \{A. G.\} and S. Beland and X. Cai and M. Codrescu and S. England and K. Greer and A. Krywonos and McClintock, \{W. E.\} and T. Plummer and V. Veibell",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2024. The Author(s).",

year = "2024",

month = aug,

day = "28",

doi = "10.1029/2024GL110506",

language = "English",

volume = "51",

journal = "Geophysical Research Letters",

issn = "0094-8276",

publisher = "John Wiley and Sons Inc.",

number = "16",

}

Evans, JS, Correira, J, Lumpe, JD, Eastes, RW, Gan, Q, Laskar, FI, Aryal, S, Wang, W, Burns, AG, Beland, S, Cai, X, Codrescu, M, England, S, Greer, K, Krywonos, A, McClintock, WE, Plummer, T & Veibell, V 2024, 'GOLD Observations of the Thermospheric Response to the 10–12 May 2024 Gannon Superstorm', Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 51, no. 16, e2024GL110506. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL110506

TY - JOUR

T1 - GOLD Observations of the Thermospheric Response to the 10–12 May 2024 Gannon Superstorm

AU - Evans, J. S.

AU - Correira, J.

AU - Lumpe, J. D.

AU - Eastes, R. W.

AU - Gan, Q.

AU - Laskar, F. I.

AU - Aryal, S.

AU - Wang, W.

AU - Burns, A. G.

AU - Beland, S.

AU - Cai, X.

AU - Codrescu, M.

AU - England, S.

AU - Greer, K.

AU - Krywonos, A.

AU - McClintock, W. E.

AU - Plummer, T.

AU - Veibell, V.

PY - 2024/8/28

Y1 - 2024/8/28

N2 - After days of intense solar activity, active region AR3664 launched seven CMEs toward Earth producing an extreme G5 geomagnetic storm commencing at 17:05 UT on 10 May 2024. The storm impacted power grids, disrupted precision navigational systems used by farming equipment, and generated aurora seen around the globe. The storm produced remarkable effects on composition, temperature, and dynamics in the Earth's thermosphere that were observed by NASA's Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission and are reported here for the first time. We use synoptic disk images of ΣO/N2 and neutral temperature (at ∼160 km) measured by GOLD to directly link dynamics resulting from the storm with dramatic changes in thermospheric composition and temperature. We observe a heretofore unseen spatial morphology simultaneously in ΣO/N2, neutral temperature, and total electron content. Equator-to-pole temperature differences reach 400 K with high latitude peak neutral temperatures near 160 km exceeding 1400 K.

AB - After days of intense solar activity, active region AR3664 launched seven CMEs toward Earth producing an extreme G5 geomagnetic storm commencing at 17:05 UT on 10 May 2024. The storm impacted power grids, disrupted precision navigational systems used by farming equipment, and generated aurora seen around the globe. The storm produced remarkable effects on composition, temperature, and dynamics in the Earth's thermosphere that were observed by NASA's Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission and are reported here for the first time. We use synoptic disk images of ΣO/N2 and neutral temperature (at ∼160 km) measured by GOLD to directly link dynamics resulting from the storm with dramatic changes in thermospheric composition and temperature. We observe a heretofore unseen spatial morphology simultaneously in ΣO/N2, neutral temperature, and total electron content. Equator-to-pole temperature differences reach 400 K with high latitude peak neutral temperatures near 160 km exceeding 1400 K.

KW - composition

KW - dynamics

KW - superstorm

KW - temperature

KW - thermosphere

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85201372839

U2 - 10.1029/2024GL110506

DO - 10.1029/2024GL110506

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85201372839

SN - 0094-8276

VL - 51

JO - Geophysical Research Letters

JF - Geophysical Research Letters

IS - 16

M1 - e2024GL110506

ER -

GOLD Observations of the Thermospheric Response to the 10–12 May 2024 Gannon Superstorm

Abstract

Keywords

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this