@inproceedings{94b1f3087fdd4ddc89de57ecf0d55af9,
title = "Interpolating SMAP Soil Moisture to 3 km using CYGNSS and Spire Reflectivity Observations: Regional Case Study",
abstract = "This study utilizes GNSS-reflectometry (GNSS-R) reflectivity data from Spire Global Inc. and CYGNSS constellations to interpolate SMAP brightness temperature to enhance its resolution from 9-km to 3-km. Previously Behavior Interpolation Method (POBI) is firstly employed to fill spatial gaps of CYGNSS and Spire data gridded at 3-km, which are then used to downscale the SMAP 9-km brightness temperature to achieve a fine resolution. Soil moisture is derived from the enhanced brightness temperature using the tau-omega model. The POBI-processed CYGNSS and Spire datasets are comparable with a mean difference of 0.27 dB across the Southern Continental United States and central America. Our results demonstrate that the 3-km soil moisture maps generated by combining SMAP and Spire/CYGNSS data offer an improved spatial resolution over the standalone SMAP 9 km product and significantly increased spatial coverage compared to CYGNSS measurements.",
keywords = "3km Soil Moisture, CYGNSS, SMAP, Spire",
author = "Ming Li and Jiahua Zhang and Liza Wernicke and Braun, \{John J.\} and Weiss, \{Jan Peter\}",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 USNC-URSI.; 2025 United States National Committee of URSI National Radio Science Meeting, USNC-URSI NRSM 2025 ; Conference date: 07-01-2025 Through 10-01-2025",
year = "2025",
doi = "10.23919/USNC-URSINRSM66067.2025.10906898",
language = "English",
series = "2025 United States National Committee of URSI National Radio Science Meeting, USNC-URSI NRSM 2025 - Proceedings",
publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",
pages = "328--329",
booktitle = "2025 United States National Committee of URSI National Radio Science Meeting, USNC-URSI NRSM 2025 - Proceedings",
address = "United States",
}