More reliable coastal SST forecasts from the North American multimodel ensemble

The skill of monthly sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly predictions for large marine ecosystems (LMEs) in coastal regions of the United States and Canada is assessed using simulations from the climate models in the North American Multimodel Ensemble (NMME). The forecasts based on the full ensemble are generally more skillful than predictions from even the best single model. The improvement in skill is particularly noteworthy for probability forecasts that categorize SST anomalies into upper (warm) and lower (cold) terciles. The ensemble provides a better estimate of the full range of forecast values than any individual model, thereby correcting for the systematic over-confidence (under-dispersion) of predictions from an individual model. Probability forecasts, including tercile predictions from the NMME, are used frequently in seasonal forecasts for atmospheric variables and may have many uses in marine resource management.