Multipoint Monin–Obukhov Similarity Theory Horizontal Array Turbulence Study (M²HATS)

The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is the lowest portion of the atmosphere and plays a key role in many atmospheric processes. It is well known that the classic theory for the ABL for over 70 years, the Monin–Obukhov similarity theory, has significant deficiencies. A recent new theory, the multipoint Monin–Obukhov similarity theory (MMO) overcomes the de-ficiencies. To fully validate the new theory, the Multipoint Monin–Obukhov Similarity Horizontal Array Turbulence Studies (M²HATS) field campaign was conducted in the summer of 2023. The distinguishing aspect of the campaign is the deployment of a 245-m-long array consisting of 50 sonic anemometers, a Doppler lidar, and an aerosol lidar to provide data necessary for calculating the ring-integrated spectra, which are needed to validate the spectral prediction. A suite of other instruments including flux towers, radar profilers, sonic detection and ranging (SODAR) and radio acoustic sounding system (RASS), MicroPulse Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) (MPD), Doppler lidars, and a quadcopter drone were deployed to obtain the mean wind and potential temperature profiles. A detailed description of the field site and the instruments is provided. Preliminary results obtained from data analysis support the MMO.