New Record Ocean Temperatures and Related Climate Indicators in 2023

Lijing Cheng; John Abraham; Kevin E. Trenberth; Tim Boyer; Michael E. Mann; Jiang Zhu; Fan Wang; Fujiang Yu; Ricardo Locarnini; John Fasullo; Fei Zheng; Yuanlong Li; Bin Zhang; Liying Wan; Xingrong Chen; Dakui Wang; Licheng Feng; Xiangzhou Song; Yulong Liu; Franco Reseghetti; Simona Simoncelli; Viktor Gouretski; Gengxin Chen; Alexey Mishonov; Jim Reagan; Karina Von Schuckmann; Yuying Pan; Zhetao Tan; Yujing Zhu; Wangxu Wei; Guancheng Li; Qiuping Ren; Lijuan Cao; Yayang Lu

doi:10.1007/s00376-024-3378-5

New Record Ocean Temperatures and Related Climate Indicators in 2023

Lijing Cheng, John Abraham, Kevin E. Trenberth, Tim Boyer, Michael E. Mann, Jiang Zhu, Fan Wang, Fujiang Yu, Ricardo Locarnini, John Fasullo, Fei Zheng, Yuanlong Li, Bin Zhang, Liying Wan, Xingrong Chen, Dakui Wang, Licheng Feng, Xiangzhou Song, Yulong Liu, Franco ReseghettiSimona Simoncelli, Viktor Gouretski, Gengxin Chen, Alexey Mishonov, Jim Reagan, Karina Von Schuckmann, Yuying Pan, Zhetao Tan, Yujing Zhu, Wangxu Wei, Guancheng Li, Qiuping Ren, Lijuan Cao, Yayang Lu

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98 Scopus citations

Abstract

The global physical and biogeochemical environment has been substantially altered in response to increased atmospheric greenhouse gases from human activities. In 2023, the sea surface temperature (SST) and upper 2000 m ocean heat content (OHC) reached record highs. The 0–2000 m OHC in 2023 exceeded that of 2022 by 15 ± 10 ZJ (1 Zetta Joules = 10²¹ Joules) (updated IAP/CAS data); 9 ± 5 ZJ (NCEI/NOAA data). The Tropical Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, and southern oceans recorded their highest OHC observed since the 1950s. Associated with the onset of a strong El Niño, the global SST reached its record high in 2023 with an annual mean of ∼0.23°C higher than 2022 and an astounding > 0.3°C above 2022 values for the second half of 2023. The density stratification and spatial temperature inhomogeneity indexes reached their highest values in 2023.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1068-1082
Number of pages	15
Journal	Advances in Atmospheric Sciences
Volume	41
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-024-3378-5
State	Published - Jun 2024
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

climate
global warming
ocean heat content
salinity
stratification

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10.1007/s00376-024-3378-5

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Cheng, L., Abraham, J., Trenberth, K. E., Boyer, T., Mann, M. E., Zhu, J., Wang, F., Yu, F., Locarnini, R., Fasullo, J., Zheng, F., Li, Y., Zhang, B., Wan, L., Chen, X., Wang, D., Feng, L., Song, X., Liu, Y., ... Lu, Y. (2024). New Record Ocean Temperatures and Related Climate Indicators in 2023. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 41(6), 1068-1082. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-024-3378-5

@article{ad12a1eae85242bd8765a0bee48ed395,

title = "New Record Ocean Temperatures and Related Climate Indicators in 2023",

abstract = "The global physical and biogeochemical environment has been substantially altered in response to increased atmospheric greenhouse gases from human activities. In 2023, the sea surface temperature (SST) and upper 2000 m ocean heat content (OHC) reached record highs. The 0–2000 m OHC in 2023 exceeded that of 2022 by 15 ± 10 ZJ (1 Zetta Joules = 1021 Joules) (updated IAP/CAS data); 9 ± 5 ZJ (NCEI/NOAA data). The Tropical Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, and southern oceans recorded their highest OHC observed since the 1950s. Associated with the onset of a strong El Ni{\~n}o, the global SST reached its record high in 2023 with an annual mean of ∼0.23°C higher than 2022 and an astounding > 0.3°C above 2022 values for the second half of 2023. The density stratification and spatial temperature inhomogeneity indexes reached their highest values in 2023.",

keywords = "climate, global warming, ocean heat content, salinity, stratification",

author = "Lijing Cheng and John Abraham and Trenberth, \{Kevin E.\} and Tim Boyer and Mann, \{Michael E.\} and Jiang Zhu and Fan Wang and Fujiang Yu and Ricardo Locarnini and John Fasullo and Fei Zheng and Yuanlong Li and Bin Zhang and Liying Wan and Xingrong Chen and Dakui Wang and Licheng Feng and Xiangzhou Song and Yulong Liu and Franco Reseghetti and Simona Simoncelli and Viktor Gouretski and Gengxin Chen and Alexey Mishonov and Jim Reagan and \{Von Schuckmann\}, Karina and Yuying Pan and Zhetao Tan and Yujing Zhu and Wangxu Wei and Guancheng Li and Qiuping Ren and Lijuan Cao and Yayang Lu",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2024.",

year = "2024",

month = jun,

doi = "10.1007/s00376-024-3378-5",

language = "English",

volume = "41",

pages = "1068--1082",

journal = "Advances in Atmospheric Sciences",

issn = "0256-1530",

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Cheng, L, Abraham, J, Trenberth, KE, Boyer, T, Mann, ME, Zhu, J, Wang, F, Yu, F, Locarnini, R, Fasullo, J, Zheng, F, Li, Y, Zhang, B, Wan, L, Chen, X, Wang, D, Feng, L, Song, X, Liu, Y, Reseghetti, F, Simoncelli, S, Gouretski, V, Chen, G, Mishonov, A, Reagan, J, Von Schuckmann, K, Pan, Y, Tan, Z, Zhu, Y, Wei, W, Li, G, Ren, Q, Cao, L & Lu, Y 2024, 'New Record Ocean Temperatures and Related Climate Indicators in 2023', Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 1068-1082. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-024-3378-5

TY - JOUR

T1 - New Record Ocean Temperatures and Related Climate Indicators in 2023

AU - Cheng, Lijing

AU - Abraham, John

AU - Trenberth, Kevin E.

AU - Boyer, Tim

AU - Mann, Michael E.

AU - Zhu, Jiang

AU - Wang, Fan

AU - Yu, Fujiang

AU - Locarnini, Ricardo

AU - Fasullo, John

AU - Zheng, Fei

AU - Li, Yuanlong

AU - Zhang, Bin

AU - Wan, Liying

AU - Chen, Xingrong

AU - Wang, Dakui

AU - Feng, Licheng

AU - Song, Xiangzhou

AU - Liu, Yulong

AU - Reseghetti, Franco

AU - Simoncelli, Simona

AU - Gouretski, Viktor

AU - Chen, Gengxin

AU - Mishonov, Alexey

AU - Reagan, Jim

AU - Von Schuckmann, Karina

AU - Pan, Yuying

AU - Tan, Zhetao

AU - Zhu, Yujing

AU - Wei, Wangxu

AU - Li, Guancheng

AU - Ren, Qiuping

AU - Cao, Lijuan

AU - Lu, Yayang

PY - 2024/6

Y1 - 2024/6

N2 - The global physical and biogeochemical environment has been substantially altered in response to increased atmospheric greenhouse gases from human activities. In 2023, the sea surface temperature (SST) and upper 2000 m ocean heat content (OHC) reached record highs. The 0–2000 m OHC in 2023 exceeded that of 2022 by 15 ± 10 ZJ (1 Zetta Joules = 1021 Joules) (updated IAP/CAS data); 9 ± 5 ZJ (NCEI/NOAA data). The Tropical Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, and southern oceans recorded their highest OHC observed since the 1950s. Associated with the onset of a strong El Niño, the global SST reached its record high in 2023 with an annual mean of ∼0.23°C higher than 2022 and an astounding > 0.3°C above 2022 values for the second half of 2023. The density stratification and spatial temperature inhomogeneity indexes reached their highest values in 2023.

AB - The global physical and biogeochemical environment has been substantially altered in response to increased atmospheric greenhouse gases from human activities. In 2023, the sea surface temperature (SST) and upper 2000 m ocean heat content (OHC) reached record highs. The 0–2000 m OHC in 2023 exceeded that of 2022 by 15 ± 10 ZJ (1 Zetta Joules = 1021 Joules) (updated IAP/CAS data); 9 ± 5 ZJ (NCEI/NOAA data). The Tropical Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, and southern oceans recorded their highest OHC observed since the 1950s. Associated with the onset of a strong El Niño, the global SST reached its record high in 2023 with an annual mean of ∼0.23°C higher than 2022 and an astounding > 0.3°C above 2022 values for the second half of 2023. The density stratification and spatial temperature inhomogeneity indexes reached their highest values in 2023.

KW - climate

KW - global warming

KW - ocean heat content

KW - salinity

KW - stratification

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85182193793

U2 - 10.1007/s00376-024-3378-5

DO - 10.1007/s00376-024-3378-5

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85182193793

SN - 0256-1530

VL - 41

SP - 1068

EP - 1082

JO - Advances in Atmospheric Sciences

JF - Advances in Atmospheric Sciences

IS - 6

ER -

New Record Ocean Temperatures and Related Climate Indicators in 2023

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