P Band Seawater Dielectric Measurements at Low and High Salinities

The paper reports the measurements of the dielectric constant of seawater at the P-band frequency on both typical ocean low salinity waters and the high salinity waters such as occur in the Great Salt Lake, Utah. The measurements are compared with the predictions from the GW 2022 model that is originally built based on the low salinity measurements at L-band and modified to apply to high salinity. For low salinity (below 40 psu), the GW 2022 model demonstrates excellent agreement with the P-band measurements within the temperature range 5°C to 35°C.. At higher salinity levels (50, 75, 100, and 150 psu), slight divergence is observed between the model predictions and the measurements, particularly as temperature increases. If the measurements are correct, this divergence indicates that the GW 2022 model will require modification for P-band especially for high salinity and high temperatures.