Performance of polarization modulation and calibration optics for the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope

The Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (formerly Advanced Technology Solar Telescope) will be the world's largest solar telescope and polarimeter when completed in 2019. Efficient use of the telescope to address key science priorities calls for polarization measurements simultaneously over broad wavelength ranges and calibration of the telescope and polarimeters to high accuracy. Broadband polarization modulation and calibration optics utilizing crystal optics have been designed for this application. The performance of polarization modulators and calibration retarders is presented along with a discussion of the unique challenges of this application. Polarimeters operate over the ranges of 0.38-1.1 microns, 0.5-2.5 microns, and 1.0-5.0 microns. Efficient polarization modulation over these broad ranges led to modulators utilizing multiple wave plates and that are elliptical, rather than linear, retarders. Calibration retarders are linear retarders and are constructed from the same sub-component wave plate pairs as the polarization modulators. Polarization optics must address efficiency over broad wavelength ranges while meeting beam deflection, transmitted wave front error, and thermal constraints and doing so with designs that, though large in diameter, can be affordably manufactured.