Reflectivity, Emissivity, and Brightness from Multilayered Soil with Linearly Varying Permittivity at P-and L-bands

Passive sensing of root zone soil moisture is theoretically investigated using P and L band frequencies. The soil is considered to be a stratified medium. The reflectivity from the soil surface is found by considering the soil to be composed of a finely layered structure with layer widths that are small compared to a wavelength. A well-known transmission line algorithm is then used to compute the reflectivity at the surface. Emissivity is obtained as (1-reflectivity). It assumed that the soil is at a constant temperature of 300° K when determining the brightness temperature. A soil moisture profile consisting of two homogeneous layers separated by a layer of linearly varying soil moisture is investigated. The study is made at an incident angle of 40° for horizontal polarization at 0.8 and 1.4 GHz. Two variations of the basic profile are considered: a transition from a layer of lesser moisture to a layer of greater moisture and the opposite. In both cases the P band signal shows greater penetration than the L band case. There is greater penetration in the transition to drier soils. In both cases the L band signals show sensitivity to only the upper surface of the soil as expected.