Response of ICON/MIGHTI OI 630.0 nm dayglow emission to the geomagnetic activities at different latitudes and longitudes

Geomagnetic activities (GA) can have a significant global impact on the upper atmospheric parameters, such as temperature, density, winds, etc. This study examines the impact of the GA on the OI 630.0 nm dayglow emission, a proxy for the upper atmospheric behavior for the altitudes of 230 (Formula presented) 50 km, which depends on the number densities of electrons, ions and neutral constituents present at those altitudes. For the present study, the OI 630.0 nm dayglow data obtained from the Michelson Interferometer for Global High-Resolution Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI) onboard the Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) satellite during January 2020 to October 2022 have been utilized. In this period, the Ap reached a maximum of 98 nT, and solar flux values (F10.7) varied between 67–184 sfu. The contributions due to variations in solar flux and solar zenith angle have been removed in order to isolate the effects of GA on dayglow. The dayglow emission rate and peak emission height variabilities are statistically analyzed in relation to the strength of the GA across various latitudes and longitudes. The results revealed that the influence due to GA on the OI 630.0 nm dayglow emission rate and peak emission height are greater at mid-latitudes as compared to low- and equatorial-latitudes. It is found that the emission rate increases with peak height at a rate of 14.5 R km⁻¹. Further, the variations in the emission rate and peak height due to GA were found to be approximately 1.4 and 1.3 times higher over the American longitudes as compared to the Asian longitudes.