Spatial and Frequency Averaging Techniques for a Polarimetric Scatterometer System

Andrei A. Monakov; J. Vivekanandan; Anders S. Stjernman; Anders K. Nystrom

doi:10.1109/36.285201

Spatial and Frequency Averaging Techniques for a Polarimetric Scatterometer System

Andrei A. Monakov, J. Vivekanandan, Anders S. Stjernman, Anders K. Nystrom

Remote Sensing Facility

Swedish Institute of Space Physics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

12 Scopus citations

Abstract

Radar scattering signals from distributed targets exhibit fading due to interference associated with coherent scattering from individual scatterers within the resolution volume. Uncertainty in radar measurements which arises as a result of fading is reduced by averaging independent samples. Independent samples are obtained by collecting the radar returns from nonoverlapping footprints (spatial averaging) and/or nonoverlapping frequencies (frequency agility techniques). An improved formulation of fading characteristics for the spatial averaging and frequency agility technique is derived by taking into account the rough surface scattering process. Kirchhoff's approximation is used to describe rough surface scattering. Expressions for fading decorrelation distance and decorrelation bandwidth are derived. Rough surface scattering measurements are performed between L and X bands. Measured frequency and spatial correlation coefficients show good agreement with theoretical results.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	187-196
Number of pages	10
Journal	IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing
Volume	32
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/36.285201
State	Published - Jan 1994

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title = "Spatial and Frequency Averaging Techniques for a Polarimetric Scatterometer System",

abstract = "Radar scattering signals from distributed targets exhibit fading due to interference associated with coherent scattering from individual scatterers within the resolution volume. Uncertainty in radar measurements which arises as a result of fading is reduced by averaging independent samples. Independent samples are obtained by collecting the radar returns from nonoverlapping footprints (spatial averaging) and/or nonoverlapping frequencies (frequency agility techniques). An improved formulation of fading characteristics for the spatial averaging and frequency agility technique is derived by taking into account the rough surface scattering process. Kirchhoff's approximation is used to describe rough surface scattering. Expressions for fading decorrelation distance and decorrelation bandwidth are derived. Rough surface scattering measurements are performed between L and X bands. Measured frequency and spatial correlation coefficients show good agreement with theoretical results.",

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AU - Vivekanandan, J.

AU - Stjernman, Anders S.

AU - Nystrom, Anders K.

PY - 1994/1

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N2 - Radar scattering signals from distributed targets exhibit fading due to interference associated with coherent scattering from individual scatterers within the resolution volume. Uncertainty in radar measurements which arises as a result of fading is reduced by averaging independent samples. Independent samples are obtained by collecting the radar returns from nonoverlapping footprints (spatial averaging) and/or nonoverlapping frequencies (frequency agility techniques). An improved formulation of fading characteristics for the spatial averaging and frequency agility technique is derived by taking into account the rough surface scattering process. Kirchhoff's approximation is used to describe rough surface scattering. Expressions for fading decorrelation distance and decorrelation bandwidth are derived. Rough surface scattering measurements are performed between L and X bands. Measured frequency and spatial correlation coefficients show good agreement with theoretical results.

AB - Radar scattering signals from distributed targets exhibit fading due to interference associated with coherent scattering from individual scatterers within the resolution volume. Uncertainty in radar measurements which arises as a result of fading is reduced by averaging independent samples. Independent samples are obtained by collecting the radar returns from nonoverlapping footprints (spatial averaging) and/or nonoverlapping frequencies (frequency agility techniques). An improved formulation of fading characteristics for the spatial averaging and frequency agility technique is derived by taking into account the rough surface scattering process. Kirchhoff's approximation is used to describe rough surface scattering. Expressions for fading decorrelation distance and decorrelation bandwidth are derived. Rough surface scattering measurements are performed between L and X bands. Measured frequency and spatial correlation coefficients show good agreement with theoretical results.

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JO - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing

JF - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing

IS - 1

ER -

Spatial and Frequency Averaging Techniques for a Polarimetric Scatterometer System

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