TY - JOUR
T1 - Spire Near-Nadir GNSS-R for Sea Ice Detection
T2 - First Results
AU - Li, Ming
AU - Zhang, Jiahua
AU - Weiss, Jan Peter
AU - Braun, John J.
AU - Gullotta, William
AU - Sleziak-Sallee, Maggie
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2004-2012 IEEE.
PY - 2025
Y1 - 2025
N2 - Global Navigation Satellite System reflectometry (GNSS-R) has emerged as a valuable tool for Earth observations, providing low-cost measurements with high spatiotemporal resolution. This study presents the first application of Spire Global Inc. near-nadir (NN) GNSS-R observations for sea ice detection and sea ice extent (SIE) mapping, covering the Arctic and Antarctic. The delay and Doppler maps (DDMs) of Spire NN GNSS-R show a significant difference over various surfaces. For a test period from February to July 2024, results show that the Arctic’s SIE decreases from 584600 to 333400 km2, and the Antarctic’s SIE increases from 142825 to 584750 km2. Compared to Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) estimates, Spire NN GNSS-R retrievals achieve a probability of detection (Pd) of 94%–96% and the probability of false alarm (Pfa) and probability of error (Pe) below 0.23%. These results demonstrate the high sensitivity, accuracy, and operational potential of Spire NN GNSS-R for sea ice remote sensing.
AB - Global Navigation Satellite System reflectometry (GNSS-R) has emerged as a valuable tool for Earth observations, providing low-cost measurements with high spatiotemporal resolution. This study presents the first application of Spire Global Inc. near-nadir (NN) GNSS-R observations for sea ice detection and sea ice extent (SIE) mapping, covering the Arctic and Antarctic. The delay and Doppler maps (DDMs) of Spire NN GNSS-R show a significant difference over various surfaces. For a test period from February to July 2024, results show that the Arctic’s SIE decreases from 584600 to 333400 km2, and the Antarctic’s SIE increases from 142825 to 584750 km2. Compared to Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) estimates, Spire NN GNSS-R retrievals achieve a probability of detection (Pd) of 94%–96% and the probability of false alarm (Pfa) and probability of error (Pe) below 0.23%. These results demonstrate the high sensitivity, accuracy, and operational potential of Spire NN GNSS-R for sea ice remote sensing.
KW - Global Navigation Satellite System-reflectometry (GNSS-R)
KW - Spire Global Inc
KW - sea ice detection
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105015746879
U2 - 10.1109/LGRS.2025.3607737
DO - 10.1109/LGRS.2025.3607737
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:105015746879
SN - 1545-598X
VL - 22
JO - IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters
JF - IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters
M1 - 2001405
ER -