The seasonal temperature conundrum for the Holocene

Temperature is the key variable in the study of climate changes in the past and future. Most previous studies on past temperature reconstructions, however, have focused on the mean annual temperature (MAT). Here, focusing on the seasonal temperature reconstructions in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics during the Holocene period, we show that the change in seasonal cycle of temperature reconstructions is severely underestimated in comparison with the expectation from present observations. Our study highlights the current uncertainty in seasonal temperature reconstructions in the Holocene, with an implication that the MAT simulation in current climate models may not be much biased.