Thermodynamic and wind profiling for high-resolution dispersion, precipitation and fog forecasting

Thermodynamic profiling provides continuous temperature, humidity and cloud liquid profiles during clear and cloudy conditions. The thermodynamic profiler radiometrically observes microwave radiation intensity at multiple frequencies, along with infrared and surface meteorological measurements. Historical radiosonde and neural network or regression methods are used for profile retrieval. Wind profiling radar provides horizontal winds. We compare radiosonde, thermodynamic and wind soundings to evaluate continuous profiling accuracy. Forecast and observed thermodynamic profiles are also compared. Thermodynamic profiling, particularly when combined with wind profiling radar and advanced assimilation methods, provides continuous soundings needed for improved local high resolution modeling and forecasting. We also describe slant observations of integrated GPS signal delay and their potential to extend local forecast improvements to regional scale. Applications include improved forecasting of high resolution dispersion and transport, short-term precipitation and fog.