Time series of total heating and moistening over the Gulf of Carpentaria radiosonde array during AMEX

During convective outbreaks the integrated heating and drying of the large scale by the cumulonimbus activity has a magnitude of the order of 10°C day^-1. The heat and moisture sources are dominated by the flux divergence terms, which account for over 90% of the variance. The observed warming is as large as ±1°C day ^-1 but is diurnally dominated and does not correspond to the latent heat release. The integrated moisture convergence has a high correlation with latent heat release but not with the measured moisture storage. The convective heat source is also highly correlated with middle tropospheric vertical velocity. -from Authors