Upper Atmospheric Vortices Following Strong Geomagnetic Storms

J. Correira; J. S. Evans; J. D. Lumpe; R. W. Eastes; W. Wang; S. Aryal; A. Krywonos; W. E. McClintock

doi:10.1029/2024GL113726

Upper Atmospheric Vortices Following Strong Geomagnetic Storms

J. Correira
, J. S. Evans
, J. D. Lumpe
, R. W. Eastes
, W. Wang
, S. Aryal
, A. Krywonos
, W. E. McClintock

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

2 Scopus citations

Abstract

This paper presents observations of upper atmospheric vortices following two geomagnetic storms: a Kp 9− storm on 10 October 2024 and a Kp 8+ storm occurring in April of 2023. These observations, using neutral composition and effective neutral temperatures from the NASA GOLD mission, reveal vortices similar to those initially reported by Evans, Correira, et al. (2024, https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL110506) for the historic geomagnetic storm of May 2024. Development of vortices following more typical geomagnetic storms demonstrate that such vortices are not as rare as was originally speculated. For all three storms, vortices appeared in GOLD data following similar elapsed times after storm onset and developed in the Southern Hemisphere at similar locations. The size of the vortices varied for the three storms, as did whether or not a vortex appeared in the Northern Hemisphere.

Original language	English
Article number	e2024GL113726
Journal	Geophysical Research Letters
Volume	52
Issue number	11
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL113726
State	Published - Jun 16 2025
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

composition
dynamics
ionosphere
temperature
thermosphere

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10.1029/2024GL113726

Cite this

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title = "Upper Atmospheric Vortices Following Strong Geomagnetic Storms",

abstract = "This paper presents observations of upper atmospheric vortices following two geomagnetic storms: a Kp 9− storm on 10 October 2024 and a Kp 8+ storm occurring in April of 2023. These observations, using neutral composition and effective neutral temperatures from the NASA GOLD mission, reveal vortices similar to those initially reported by Evans, Correira, et al. (2024, https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL110506) for the historic geomagnetic storm of May 2024. Development of vortices following more typical geomagnetic storms demonstrate that such vortices are not as rare as was originally speculated. For all three storms, vortices appeared in GOLD data following similar elapsed times after storm onset and developed in the Southern Hemisphere at similar locations. The size of the vortices varied for the three storms, as did whether or not a vortex appeared in the Northern Hemisphere.",

keywords = "composition, dynamics, ionosphere, temperature, thermosphere",

author = "J. Correira and Evans, \{J. S.\} and Lumpe, \{J. D.\} and Eastes, \{R. W.\} and W. Wang and S. Aryal and A. Krywonos and McClintock, \{W. E.\}",

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doi = "10.1029/2024GL113726",

language = "English",

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T1 - Upper Atmospheric Vortices Following Strong Geomagnetic Storms

AU - Correira, J.

AU - Evans, J. S.

AU - Lumpe, J. D.

AU - Eastes, R. W.

AU - Wang, W.

AU - Aryal, S.

AU - Krywonos, A.

AU - McClintock, W. E.

PY - 2025/6/16

Y1 - 2025/6/16

N2 - This paper presents observations of upper atmospheric vortices following two geomagnetic storms: a Kp 9− storm on 10 October 2024 and a Kp 8+ storm occurring in April of 2023. These observations, using neutral composition and effective neutral temperatures from the NASA GOLD mission, reveal vortices similar to those initially reported by Evans, Correira, et al. (2024, https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL110506) for the historic geomagnetic storm of May 2024. Development of vortices following more typical geomagnetic storms demonstrate that such vortices are not as rare as was originally speculated. For all three storms, vortices appeared in GOLD data following similar elapsed times after storm onset and developed in the Southern Hemisphere at similar locations. The size of the vortices varied for the three storms, as did whether or not a vortex appeared in the Northern Hemisphere.

AB - This paper presents observations of upper atmospheric vortices following two geomagnetic storms: a Kp 9− storm on 10 October 2024 and a Kp 8+ storm occurring in April of 2023. These observations, using neutral composition and effective neutral temperatures from the NASA GOLD mission, reveal vortices similar to those initially reported by Evans, Correira, et al. (2024, https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL110506) for the historic geomagnetic storm of May 2024. Development of vortices following more typical geomagnetic storms demonstrate that such vortices are not as rare as was originally speculated. For all three storms, vortices appeared in GOLD data following similar elapsed times after storm onset and developed in the Southern Hemisphere at similar locations. The size of the vortices varied for the three storms, as did whether or not a vortex appeared in the Northern Hemisphere.

KW - composition

KW - dynamics

KW - ionosphere

KW - temperature

KW - thermosphere

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105007558212

U2 - 10.1029/2024GL113726

DO - 10.1029/2024GL113726

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:105007558212

SN - 0094-8276

VL - 52

JO - Geophysical Research Letters

JF - Geophysical Research Letters

IS - 11

M1 - e2024GL113726

ER -

Upper Atmospheric Vortices Following Strong Geomagnetic Storms

Abstract

Keywords

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