Why is Energetic Particle Precipitation Important for Climate Research and Seasonal Forecasting?

Hilde Nesse; Timo Asikainen; Margot Decotte; Bernd Funke; V. Lynn Harvey; Jia Jia; Hanli Liu; Huixin Liu; Ville Maliniemi; Noora Partamies; Josephine A. Salice; Antti Salminen; Annika Seppälä; Claudia C. Stephan; Mikhail Vokhmyanin

doi:10.1007/s10712-026-09946-7

Why is Energetic Particle Precipitation Important for Climate Research and Seasonal Forecasting?

Hilde Nesse
, Timo Asikainen
, Margot Decotte
, Bernd Funke
, V. Lynn Harvey
, Jia Jia
, Hanli Liu
, Huixin Liu
, Ville Maliniemi
, Noora Partamies
, Josephine A. Salice
, Antti Salminen
, Annika Seppälä
, Claudia C. Stephan
, Mikhail Vokhmyanin

University of Bergen
University of Oulu
CSIC - Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia
University of Colorado Boulder
Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Finnish Meteorological Institute
National Center for Atmospheric Research
Kyushu University
University Centre in Svalbard
University of Otago
University of Rostock

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

Abstract

Reviews how energetic particle precipitation (EPP) alters middle‑atmosphere chemistry and dynamics. Shows that EPP‑driven temperature and wind anomalies strengthen the winter polar vortex under specific conditions. Highlights observational and modeling evidence that the EPP effect descend into the troposphere and modulate regional climate. Argues that EPP is a missing but essential forcing for improving seasonal forecasts of winter circulation. Discusses how climate change may amplify EPP impacts through enhanced NO_x descent and ozone sensitivity.

Original language	English
Journal	Surveys in Geophysics
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-026-09946-7
State	Accepted/In press - 2026
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Energetic Particle Precipitation (EPP)
Middle Atmosphere Chemistry
Polar Vortex Dynamics
Stratosphere–Troposphere Coupling

Access to Document

10.1007/s10712-026-09946-7

Cite this

Nesse, H., Asikainen, T., Decotte, M., Funke, B., Harvey, V. L., Jia, J., Liu, H., Liu, H., Maliniemi, V., Partamies, N., Salice, J. A., Salminen, A., Seppälä, A., Stephan, C. C., & Vokhmyanin, M. (Accepted/In press). Why is Energetic Particle Precipitation Important for Climate Research and Seasonal Forecasting? Surveys in Geophysics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-026-09946-7

@article{d06ddfc7f67f4c8f921c6d8b3b8c2fc7,

title = "Why is Energetic Particle Precipitation Important for Climate Research and Seasonal Forecasting?",

abstract = "Reviews how energetic particle precipitation (EPP) alters middle‑atmosphere chemistry and dynamics. Shows that EPP‑driven temperature and wind anomalies strengthen the winter polar vortex under specific conditions. Highlights observational and modeling evidence that the EPP effect descend into the troposphere and modulate regional climate. Argues that EPP is a missing but essential forcing for improving seasonal forecasts of winter circulation. Discusses how climate change may amplify EPP impacts through enhanced NOx descent and ozone sensitivity.",

keywords = "Energetic Particle Precipitation (EPP), Middle Atmosphere Chemistry, Polar Vortex Dynamics, Stratosphere–Troposphere Coupling",

author = "Hilde Nesse and Timo Asikainen and Margot Decotte and Bernd Funke and Harvey, \{V. Lynn\} and Jia Jia and Hanli Liu and Huixin Liu and Ville Maliniemi and Noora Partamies and Salice, \{Josephine A.\} and Antti Salminen and Annika Sepp{\"a}l{\"a} and Stephan, \{Claudia C.\} and Mikhail Vokhmyanin",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2026.",

year = "2026",

doi = "10.1007/s10712-026-09946-7",

language = "English",

journal = "Surveys in Geophysics",